Common Applications of pingįor the purpose of estimating latency and data loss, sometimes we need a large number of packets, and bigger payloads, as in: # sudo ping -f -c 579 -s 1460 10.1.1.1 The current version of the ping command has a large number of options, we can see them all using the command ping -h. while probing the IP 1.1.1.1 with 10 packets, we had 0% packet loss and an average round-trip time of 64 milliseconds, with 86 milliseconds mean standard deviation. The parameter -c is used to specify how many probe packets will be sent. It is possible to enhance this distance with proxies in the route that can disassemble the packets, and assembling new ones, even though it is a behavior typical of man-in-the-middle class of attacks. The maximum possible TTL (or Hop Limit in IPv6) is 255, meaning that this is the largest hop distance allowed for a single point-to-point Internet conversation. Each hop in the path decreases the TTL until it reaches its destination: This behavior is shown on this image, the client sends an IP packet with a starting TTL of 10 towards a destination server. As soon as it reaches 0 (zero), a “Time Exceeded” control message is sent to the packet’s origin host to inform that the packet would travel longer than the original packet’s TTL. While traveling through the network, each time the packet goes to the next hop, its TTL value is decreased by one. IPv6 specification renamed this field to “Hop Limit” retaining its functionality. Whenever the network stack creates a new IP packet, it inserts a “Time to Live field”, also known as TTL. In contrast, the “Time Exceeded” ICMP control message is not related to time but with distance.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply.AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |